Throttle
body
is
the
part
of
the
air
intake
system
that
controls
the
amount
of
air
flowing
into
the
engine,
in
response
to
driver
input.
The
throttle
body
is
usually
located
between
the
air
filter
box
and
the
intake
manifold,
and
usually
attached
to,
or
near,
the
mass
airflow
sensor.
The largest piece inside the throttle body is the throttle plate, which is a butterfly valve that regulates the airflow.
On many cars, the accelerator pedal motion is communicated through the throttle cable, which activates the throttle linkages, which moves the throttle plate. In cars with electronic throttle control (also known as "drive-by-wire"), an electric motor controls the throttle linkages and the accelerator cable connects not to the throttle body but to a sensor. The Engine Control Unit (ECU) determines the throttle opening. On some modern cars, the accelerator cable is replaced by a pedal position sensor, which sends the pedal position to the ECU.
When the driver presses on the accelerator pedal, the throttle plate opens up, allowing more air into the intake manifold. Either a throttle position sensor or an airflow sensor measures this change and communicates with the ECU. The ECU then increases the amount of fuel being sent to the fuel injectors in order to maintain the desired air-fuel ratio.
Throttle bodies may also contain valves and adjustments to control the minimum airflow during idle. Even in those units that are not "drive-by-wire" there may be a small electric motor that the ECU uses to modify the throttle opening.
Many cars have a single throttle body, however more than one may be used, chained together by linkages, to improve throttle response. At the extreme end, cars such as the BMW M1 and high performance motorcycles like the Suzuki Hayabusa have a separate throttle body for each cylinder. This is often referred to as "individual throttle bodies", or ITBs.
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